Japan (also known as Nihon or Nippon, officially Nihon-Koku or Nippon-Koku) is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of China, Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk (pronounced: okhoshk) in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name literally mean "Sun's Origin", thus Japan is also sometimes known as "The Land of the Rising Sun", a name that comes from the country's east position relative to China. Its capital is Tokyo.At 377,872 square kilometers (145,898 square miles), Japan is the 62nd largest country by area. It encompasses over 3,000 islands, the largest of which are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku. Most of Japan's islands are mountainous, and many are volcanic, including the highest peak, Mount. Fuji. It has the world's 10th largest population, with nearly 128 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, with over 30 million residents, is the largest metropolitan area in the world. Archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the upper Paleolithic period. The 1st written mention of Japan begins with brief appearances in Chinese history texts from the first century AD. Japanese history has been marked by alternating periods of long isolation and radical influence from the outside world. Its culture today is a mixture of outside and internal influences. Since it adopted its constitution on May 3rd, 1947, Japan has maintained a Unitary Constitutional Monarchy with an Emperor and an elected parliament, the Diet, which is one of the oldest legislative bodies in Asia. Japan is an economic world power with the world's 2nd largest economy, and is the 6th largest exporter and importer and is a member of the United Nations, G8, G4, and APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation).Click
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